In process calculations of vapour-liquid equilibrium system there are two phases. One is vapour phase and second is liquid phase and this system can be multi-components. So, to carry out the process calculation of the unit operations involving vapour-liquid phases, we need to understand the distribution of these components between the phases. Moreover, the design […]
Vapour Liquid Equilibrium Systems Read More »
We can see single stage distillation method application in our chemical process industries. This is a very simple unit operation, which consists only single stage. In this method we remove all the vapour as such, or is condensed as a product. We can perform single stage distillation process in batch and as well as in
Single Stage Flash Distillation Methods Read More »
In Chemical Process Industries (CPI) we face the distillation problem of azeotropes or close boiling chemical mixtures. So, to break the azeotropes we can use several techniques like, azeotropic distillation using entrainers, extractive distillation using solvents, molecular sieves, and pressure sensitive distillation or PSD. However, we can find the use of first three methods in
Pressure Swing Distillation to Break Azeotropes Read More »
In chemical process industries, we can find the use of steam distillation method for many services. Mainly, we use this technique where we want to distil the components form high boiling point mixtures or altogether non-volatile salt solutions. For example, recovery of 2-chloropyridine from neutralized solution containing pyridine, NaCl and water. Moreover, steam distillation become
Steam Distillation Method for Component Separation Read More »
In chemical process industries we can face two types of mixture. First, where purity of more volatile components by simple distillation does not take place after a certain concentration. And, in second category it takes place so slowly that an uneconomic number of plates is required. So, to separate these types of mixtures we use
Extractive Distillation Method for Azeotropes Read More »
As we know ethanol and water forms azeotropes and it is not possible to produce anhydrous alcohol by simple distillation process. So, due to this azeotrope formation we can purify ethanol up to 89 mole% only. Therefore, to get anhydrous alcohol we require different techniques like hydrophilic molecular sieves or azeotropic distillation. In this article
Process Simulation of Anhydrous Alcohol Plant Read More »
In chemical process industries, we come across certain mixtures where separation is impossible or difficult by simple distillation. This type of mixtures we know by the name of azeotropic mixture. Other than this, if relative volatility of the mixture is close to 1.0, in the cases when components boiling points are very close, then also
Azeotropic Distillation Process for Ethanol Dehydration Read More »
As we all know shell & tube heat exchanger is the equipment, which we use to exchange heat between two streams available at different temperature. In this type of exchanger, one side we know as shell side and other we call the tube side. In a heat exchanger heat transfer between streams can be of
Process Data Sheet – Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger Read More »
Agitated Reactors are most widely used reactors in our Chemical Process Industries. We can operate this reactor in batch, semi-batch and continuous mode. When we use this reactor in continuous mode is also know as CSTR or continuous stirred tank reactor. However, we use these reactors mostly in batch & semi-batch operations for the production
Process Data Sheet – Agitated Reactor Read More »
In chemical process industries we can see various types of columns. We use these columns for different unit operations like distillation, absorption, stripping, extraction and reaction also. Any column is a vertical cylindrical vessel having internals inside to enhance the contact surface area between phases. These phases can be liquid-gas, liquid-vapor, liquid-liquid. During process design
Data Sheets for Distillation Column Read More »
